Atonement models beyond the core
- T06.1 Victory pervasive; devil-ransom disputed (Nyssa vs Nazianzen) (low)
- T06.2 Recapitulation foundational, integrates the other motifs (high)
From the study it came from: Broadly agree on the range of pictures; diverge mainly in how sharply the penal element is stated.
Two separate measures, shown side by side; neither is combined with the other (confidence-weighted, out of 4; counts show how many of this doctrine's 2 questions each rests on). This doctrine is third-order (tier weight 1). How scoring works · Scripture and tradition · Glossary · Every score with its citation
Closeness to Scripture
Closeness to the fathers
Charts: closeness to the fathers by question, and timeline
- c. 180 Irenaeus T06.1 · fathers varied
- c. 180 Irenaeus T06.2
- c. 180 Irenaeus T06.2
- c. 380 Gregory Nazianzen T06.1 · fathers varied
- c. 385 Gregory of Nyssa T06.1 · fathers varied
- 1098 Anselm, Cur Deus Homo Catholic
- 1098 Anselm, Cur Deus Homo Orthodox
- 1547 Trent VI Catholic
- 1646 Westminster Confession Presbyterian
T6 · Atonement models beyond the core
Ransom, Christus Victor, recapitulation: emphasis and models.
Tier: Third-order (scoring weight 1). How the tiers were set: theological triage. Site structure: structure.
Questions
Verdicts and trace
T06.1 · Victory and the ransom question
| Question | Verdict | Confidence | Reasoning | Key sources | Scripture (benchmark) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T06.1 | Victory pervasive; devil-ransom disputed (Nyssa vs Nazianzen) | High / low | T06.1.1 · T06.1.3 weighing | irenaeus-atn-s2 · gregory-of-nyssa-atn-s1 · gregory-nazianzen-atn-s1 | T06.1.4: medium |
T06.2 · Recapitulation
| Question | Verdict | Confidence | Reasoning | Key sources | Scripture (benchmark) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T06.2 | Recapitulation foundational, integrates the other motifs | High | T06.2.1 · T06.2.3 weighing | irenaeus-atn-s1 · irenaeus-atn-s3 | T06.2.4: medium |
Post-750 development
Which of this doctrine’s questions each tradition stays closest to, or departs from. Each row links to the tradition’s notes.
| Tradition | Closest to the fathers on | Departs or sharpens on |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic | — | — |
| Orthodox | T06.1; T06.2 | — |
| Oriental Orthodox | T06.1; T06.2 | — |
| Lutheran | — | — |
| Anglican | partly T06.1; partly T06.2 | — |
| Presbyterian | — | — |
| Reformed Baptist | partly T06.1; partly T06.2 | — |
| General Baptist | partly T06.1; partly T06.2 | — |
| Anabaptist | T06.1; partly T06.2 | — |
Origin
Plan, overall verdict and verification status of the former atonement category (shared with the other doctrines that came from it)
Atonement
Method and conventions: docs/conventions.md. Reasoning: atonement reasoning.
1. Plan
Questions: A1 ransom and Christus Victor; A2 recapitulation; A3 substitution; A4 satisfaction and penal character. Sources: 1 Clem 49; Diognetus 9; Justin, Dial. 95; Irenaeus AH III.18, V.1, V.21; Athanasius, Inc. 7–8; Cyril of Jerusalem, Cat. 13; Gregory of Nyssa, Catechism 24; Gregory Nazianzen Or. 45.22; Augustine, Trin. XIII. Planned but not yet read: Eusebius, Demonstratio X.1; Cyril of Alexandria; Gregory the Great. Caution: Aulén’s three-type scheme (1931) is modern. Do not force the fathers into a single type.
2. Verdicts and trace
Weighed under the source-proximity principle: Scripture first, then the father tiers T1–T4. Verdict changes are listed in docs/proximity-changes.md.
3. Post-750 development
4. Overall verdict
No tradition matches the patristic plurality. The fathers hold victory, recapitulation and substitution together. Orthodox keeps A1 and A2. Catholic, Lutheran and Presbyterian keep A3 and A4 with later systematizing. The Presbyterian limit on whom the atonement covers departs most. Confidence: medium–high.
5. Verification status
- Verified: all patristic entries except Augustine (summary only); Anselm; Trent VI ch. 7; AC III; WCF VIII.5.
- To verify: Augustine, Trin. XIII text; Eusebius; Cyril of Alexandria; Gregory the Great; Latin of Irenaeus; Greek of 1 Clem 49 and Athanasius; modern Orthodox representatives; LSB English.