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Sabbath and Lord's Day

In short
  • T13.1 Lord’s Day worship replaces Sabbath observance (Era I); a Sunday Sabbath of rest is later (medium–high)

Two separate measures, shown side by side; neither is combined with the other (confidence-weighted, out of 4; counts show how many of this doctrine's 1 questions each rests on). This doctrine is third-order (tier weight 1). How scoring works · Scripture and tradition · Glossary · Every score with its citation

Closeness to Scripture

1 Orthodox 100% 1/1 q
2 Oriental Orthodox 100% 1/1 q
3 Lutheran 100% 1/1 q
4 Catholic 75% 1/1 q
5 Anglican 75% 1/1 q
6 General Baptist 75% 1/1 q
7 Presbyterian 50% 1/1 q
8 Reformed Baptist 50% 1/1 q
– Anabaptist not assessed 0/1 q

Closeness to the fathers

1 Orthodox 100% 1/1 q
2 Oriental Orthodox 100% 1/1 q
3 Lutheran 100% 1/1 q
4 Catholic 75% 1/1 q
5 Anglican 75% 1/1 q
6 General Baptist 75% 1/1 q
7 Presbyterian 50% 1/1 q
8 Reformed Baptist 50% 1/1 q
– Anabaptist not assessed 0/1 q
Charts: closeness to the fathers by question, and timeline
Closeness to the fathers, by question (0–4). Hatched = not assessed in the category file. Click a question for its verdict.
01234Catholic · T13.1: 3/4 — Sunday obligation and rest from servile work (Roman Catechism on the 3rd commandment)3Orthodox · T13.1: 4/4 — Sunday as the day of resurrection; Saturday honoured, not kept as Sabbath rest4Oriental Orthodox · T13.1: 4/4 — Sunday worship (to verify)4Lutheran · T13.1: 4/4 — AC XXVIII: Sunday appointed by the church; Sabbath abrogated4Anglican · T13.1: 3/4 — 1662: Sunday worship; the fourth commandment read in the Communion (to verify)3Presbyterian · T13.1: 2/4 — WCF XXI.7–8: 'the Christian Sabbath', resting 'all the day'2Reformed Baptist · T13.1: 2/4 — 1689 22.7–8 (same)2General Baptist · T13.1: 3/4 — Orthodox Creed art. 40: the Lord's Day (OCR heading 'and Sabbath-Day'; to verify)3Anabaptist · T13.1: not assessedT13.1conf. medium–high
CatholicOrthodoxOriental OrthodoxLutheranAnglicanPresbyterianReformed BaptistGeneral BaptistAnabaptistnot assessed
When the cited witnesses spoke (approximate dates) and where later traditions fixed their positions. Filled dot = consensus question; hollow orange = a question on which the fathers varied. Each item links to its source note or post-750 note.
1002003004005006007001000125015001700post-750 (compressed)Didache (c. 100) · T13.1Didachec. 100 · T13.1Ignatius (c. 110) · T13.1Ignatiusc. 110 · T13.1Justin Martyr (c. 155) · T13.1Justin Martyrc. 155 · T13.1Westminster Confession (1646) · PresbyterianWestminster Confession1646 · Presbyterian
  1. c. 100 Didache T13.1
  2. c. 110 Ignatius T13.1
  3. c. 155 Justin Martyr T13.1
  4. 1646 Westminster Confession Presbyterian

T13 · Sabbath and Lord’s Day

Strict sabbatarian or not.

Tier: Third-order (scoring weight 1). How the tiers were set: theological triage. Method: conventions. Traditions’ sources: confessional sources.

In short

The first Christians gathered for worship on Sunday, the day of the resurrection. Ignatius (about 110) contrasts this with keeping the Jewish Sabbath. Treating Sunday as a ‘Christian Sabbath’ with strict rest came later. Scripture shows Sunday worship but calls the Sabbath a shadow fulfilled in Christ.

Plan

Question: T13.1: is the Lord’s Day a Christian Sabbath to be kept with Sabbath rest, or a day of worship replacing the Sabbath? Scripture: Gen 2:2–3; Exod 20:8–11; Mark 2:27–28; Acts 20:7; Rom 14:5; Col 2:16–17; Rev 1:10. Fathers: Didache 14; Ignatius, Magnesians 9; Justin, 1 Apology 67.

Questions

  • T13.1 Sabbath and Lord’s Day

Verdicts and trace

Weighed under the source-proximity principle: Scripture first, then the father eras I–IV.

T13.1 · Sabbath and Lord’s Day

QuestionVerdictConfidenceReasoningKey sourcesScripture (benchmark)
T13.1Lord’s Day worship replaces Sabbath observance (Era I); a Sunday Sabbath of rest is laterMedium–highT13.1.1 · T13.1.3 weighingdidache-t13-s1 · ignatius-t13-s1 · justin-martyr-t13-s1T13.1.4: medium

Post-750 development

Which of this doctrine’s questions each tradition stays closest to, or departs from. Each row links to the tradition’s notes; exact scores and bases are in the reasoning.

TraditionClosest to the fathers onDeparts or sharpens on
Catholicpartly T13.1—
OrthodoxT13.1—
Oriental OrthodoxT13.1—
LutheranT13.1—
Anglicanpartly T13.1—
PresbyterianT13.1partly T13.1
Reformed BaptistT13.1partly T13.1
General Baptistpartly T13.1—
Anabaptist——

Overall verdict

Lord’s Day worship is Era I and biblical; strict Sunday sabbatarianism (Presbyterian, Reformed Baptist) lacks both.

Verification status

Roman Catechism, 1662 and Orthodox Creed details are to verify.