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Second-order doctrines

Second-order doctrines

Divides churches and communions, but not salvation. Scoring weight 2 (method).

Second-order doctrines weight 2

S01

Nature of justification

Forensic imputation or infused/transformative righteousness; faith alone?

5 questions · tier contested
S02

Baptism: subjects

Infants, or believers only.

1 question · tier contested
S03

Baptism: effect

Regeneration, or sign and seal; necessity.

2 questions
S04

Eucharist: presence

Transubstantiation, mystery, sacramental union, spiritual presence, memorial.

2 questions · tier contested
S05

Eucharist: sacrifice

Is the Mass or Liturgy a sacrifice?

1 question
S06

Number and nature of sacraments

Seven, two, or ordinances; the other rites.

4 questions
S07

Scripture and tradition

Sola scriptura, or Scripture with tradition and magisterium; canon.

3 questions
S08

Papal primacy and infallibility

The Petrine office and Vatican I.

2 questions · tier contested
S09

Church government

Episcopal, presbyterian, congregational; apostolic succession.

1 question · tier contested
S10

Ordination to the presbyterate

Classic positions on who may be ordained.

1 question
S11

Predestination and election

Unconditional or conditional; free choice.

2 questions
S12

Extent of the atonement

Particular or general.

1 question · tier contested
S13

Perseverance of the saints

Can a true believer finally fall away?

1 question
S14

Original sin: guilt or corruption

Inherited guilt, or inherited mortality and corruption.

3 questions
S15

Filioque

The procession of the Holy Spirit.

1 question
S16

Chalcedonian and miaphysite wording

'In two natures' or 'one incarnate nature'; two wills.

2 questions · tier contested
S17

Purgatory and prayers for the dead

Purification after death; praying for the departed.

2 questions
S18

Invocation of saints and Marian dogmas

Asking saints to pray; Immaculate Conception, Assumption.

3 questions · tier contested
S19

Veneration of icons and relics

Honouring or rejecting images and relics.

7 questions
S20

Penal substitution and satisfaction

Christ bore the penalty or satisfied divine justice in our place.

2 questions