One person, God and man
- F04.1 One person, fully God and fully man (consensus from T1); the formula splits after 451 between ‘in two natures’ (Chalcedon) and ‘one incarnate nature’ (Cyril, Severus) (high)
From the study it came from: Agree on the substance; Scripture supports two wills.
Two separate measures, shown side by side; neither is combined with the other (confidence-weighted, out of 4; counts show how many of this doctrine's 1 questions each rests on). This doctrine is first-order (tier weight 3). How scoring works · Scripture and tradition · Glossary · Every score with its citation
Closeness to Scripture
Closeness to the fathers
Charts: closeness to the fathers by question, and timeline
- c. 110 Ignatius F04.1
- c. 380 Gregory Nazianzen F04.1
- c. 431 Ephesus F04.1
- c. 451 Chalcedon F04.1
- c. 515 Severus of Antioch F04.1
- 1577 Formula of Concord Lutheran
- 1646 Westminster Confession Presbyterian
F4 · One person, God and man
Christ is one person, true God and true man, without confusion or division.
Tier: First-order (scoring weight 3). How the tiers were set: theological triage. Site structure: structure.
Questions
- F04.1 The union of natures (was
christology/X1)
Verdicts and trace
F04.1 · The union of natures
| Question | Verdict | Confidence | Reasoning | Key sources | Scripture (benchmark) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F04.1 | One person, fully God and fully man (consensus from T1); the formula splits after 451 between ‘in two natures’ (Chalcedon) and ‘one incarnate nature’ (Cyril, Severus) | High | F04.1.1 · F04.1.3 weighing | ignatius-chr-s1 · gregory-nazianzen-chr-s1 · ephesus-chr-s1 · chalcedon-chr-s1 · severus-of-antioch-chr-s1 | F04.1.4: high |
Post-750 development
Which of this doctrine’s questions each tradition stays closest to, or departs from. Each row links to the tradition’s notes.
| Tradition | Closest to the fathers on | Departs or sharpens on |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic | F04.1 | — |
| Orthodox | F04.1 | — |
| Oriental Orthodox | F04.1 | — |
| Lutheran | F04.1 | — |
| Anglican | F04.1 | — |
| Presbyterian | F04.1 | — |
| Reformed Baptist | F04.1 | — |
| General Baptist | F04.1 | — |
| Anabaptist | partly F04.1 | — |
Origin
Plan, overall verdict and verification status of the former christology category (shared with the other doctrines that came from it)
Christology
Method and conventions: docs/conventions.md. Reasoning: christology reasoning. Traditions’ sources: confessional sources.
1. Plan
Questions: X1 one person, truly God and truly man (and the formula: ‘in two natures’ or ‘one incarnate nature’); X2 one or two wills and operations in Christ. Scripture: John 1:1, 14; Phil 2:6–8; Col 2:9; Heb 2:14–17; 4:15; Luke 22:42; John 6:38. Fathers: Ignatius, Ephesians 7; Gregory Nazianzen, Letter 101; Cyril’s anathemas (Ephesus 431); Leo’s Tome (449); Chalcedon (451); Severus of Antioch’s letters; Constantinople III (681). Later: the Lutheran communication of attributes, Menno Simons on Christ’s flesh, and the classic non-Chalcedonian position.
2. Verdicts and trace
Weighed under the source-proximity principle: Scripture first, then the father tiers T1–T4.
3. Post-750 development
4. Overall verdict
X1: all nine confess one person fully God and fully man; the classic Mennonite ‘celestial flesh’ view qualifies how Christ’s flesh relates to Mary, and the Chalcedonian/Cyrilline split is largely terminological on the substance. X2: two wills is supported by Scripture and Gregory; the non-Chalcedonian one-operation view departs.
5. Verification status
Menno’s wording is verified from A True Confession … of the Incarnation. The Orthodox Creed’s Christological article and Formula of Concord VIII are cited from standard editions.